Which factor is likely to positively impact a student's fluency in oral reading of expository text?

Prior experience with the text is likely to positively impact a student's fluency in oral reading of expository text because familiarity with the content allows the reader to concentrate more on phrasing, expression, and proper intonation, rather than decoding words or trying to understand complex ideas. When a student has previously engaged with the material, they can anticipate the flow of information, making it easier to read aloud smoothly and confidently.

In contrast, other factors, while perhaps beneficial in certain contexts, do not have the same direct influence on oral reading fluency. For instance, visualization of the organizational structure may help comprehension but does not inherently enhance spoken fluency. Familiarity with recall strategies could assist in memory retention but does not directly relate to reading aloud. Focusing on increasing the reading rate may lead to faster reading, but it could compromise fluency without the necessary understanding or rhythm needed for proficient oral reading. Prior familiarity with text ensures that the reader can expressively and effectively communicate the material, leading to improved fluency.