Which aspect of a literary work is central to formalist criticism?

Formalist criticism focuses on the inherent features of a literary text itself, emphasizing its structure, language, and style. This approach prioritizes an analysis of the text without considering external factors such as the author's biography, historical context, or the emotional responses elicited from readers. By examining elements like imagery, symbolism, word choice, and narrative techniques, formalist critics seek to understand how these components work together to create meaning within the text. This concentration on the text’s techniques and craftsmanship allows for a deeper appreciation of the artistry involved in literature, making it the central aspect of formalist criticism.