What does the term 'inference' mean in reading comprehension?

Inference in reading comprehension refers to the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence and reasoning rather than being explicitly stated in the text. When readers engage in inference, they use clues provided by the author and their own background knowledge to fill in gaps, interpret meanings, and understand underlying themes or messages. This skill enhances a reader's engagement with the text as it requires active participation and critical thinking.

For example, if a character in a story shows signs of distress but does not verbally express their feelings, a reader might infer that the character is struggling with an internal conflict. This ability to interpret and connect the dots based on implicit information is crucial in developing a deeper understanding of the material and appreciating the author's craft.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of inference: a statement made explicitly in the text describes direct quotes or statements; a type of literary device refers to techniques used by authors, and a summary of the text condenses the main ideas rather than engaging with deeper meanings.