What does 'juxtaposition' mean in literature?

Juxtaposition in literature refers to the placement of contrasting elements close together in order to highlight their differences or create a new understanding between them. This literary technique is often used to underscore themes, build tension, or emphasize distinctions between characters, settings, or ideas. For instance, an author might juxtapose a wealthy character's opulent lifestyle with a struggling character's hardships to comment on social inequality. This side-by-side comparison invites readers to engage critically with the contrasting elements and derive meaning from their relation to one another.

The other concepts presented do not align with the specific definition of juxtaposition. The combination of similar elements pertains more to assemblage rather than contrast. Chronological sequence describes the order of events rather than their relationship, and metaphor focuses on creating imagery through indirect comparisons rather than contrasting elements per se.