In the nineteenth century, which group contributed words like mustang, chaps, and stampede to American English?

The correct answer is based on the significant cultural and linguistic influence of Spanish speakers in the Southwest during the nineteenth century. This was a period marked by the westward expansion in the United States, which brought English speakers into contact with Spanish-speaking populations, particularly in areas that were originally part of Mexico.

Words like "mustang," which refers to a wild horse, and "chaps," short for "chaps," which are leather leggings worn by cowboys, showcase the practical exchanges that occurred between cultures in terms of livestock and ranching practices. "Stampede," originally deriving from the Spanish word "estampida," reflects the gatherings of cattle and often the chaotic situation that can arise when they are frightened.

These terms highlight the integration of Spanish vocabulary into American English, particularly in contexts related to cattle ranching and the cowboy lifestyle that was prevalent in the Southwest. The influence of Spanish culture on language during this time significantly shaped the evolution of American English.